S1 Nerve Root (S1)

Authors

Affiliations

Nathaniel Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Nerve Supply

Nerve	Roots	Motor Innervation	Cutaneous Innervation
Superior Gluteal N.	L4, L5, S1	Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)	None
Inferior Gluteal N.	L5, S1, S2	Gluteus Maximus
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
Sciatic N.
Common Fibular N.	L4, L5, S1, S2
Tibial N.	L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Muscle Supply

Motor Innervation

S1 Nerve Root Skeletal Muscle Innervations
Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Innervation	Action
Abductor hallucis	Medial calcaneal tuberosity1 Plantar aponeurosis1 Flexor retinaculum1 [Medial calcaneal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Plantar aponeurosis](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexor retinaculum](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial aspect of 1st Proximal phalanx1 [Medial aspect of 1st Proximal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial Plantar n.1 S1 - S21 [Medial Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [MTP Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Arch support [Longitudinal arch support](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Abductor digiti minimi	Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity1 Cuboid1 Lateral cuneiforms1 3-5th MTP joints1 Deep transverse metatarsal lig.1 [Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Cuboid](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral cuneiforms](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [3-5th MTP joints](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Deep transverse metatarsal lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 5th proximal phalanx1 Base of 1st proximal phalanx (via common tendon)1 [Base of 5th proximal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Base of 1st proximal phalanx (via common tendon)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Lateral Plantar n.1 Lateral Plantar n. (Deep branch)1 S1 - S31 [Lateral Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral Plantar n. (Deep branch)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.qmd#nerve) - [S3](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st MTP [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] 5th Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Arch Support [Transverse head supports transverse arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Oblique head supports longitudinal arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Biceps femoris long head	Ischial tuberosity1 Sacrotuberous lig.1 (Common head with semitendinosus)1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(Common head with semitendinosus)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Fibular head1 [Fibular head](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Biceps femoris short head	Lateral lip of Linea aspera1 [Lateral lip of Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Fibular head1 [Fibular head](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Common Fibular n.1 L5 - S21 [Common Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor digitorum brevis	Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)1 [Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Bases of middle phalanx 2-41 [Bases of middle phalanx 2-4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.1 L5 - S11 [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-4th Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor hallucis brevis	Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)1 [Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Proximal phalanx1 [1st Proximal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.1 L5 - S11 [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis brevis	Middle lateral surface of Fibula1 [Middle lateral surface of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 5th MT1 [Base of 5th MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superficial Fibular n.1 L5 - S11 [Superficial Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis longus	Proximal lateral surface of Fibula1 [Proximal lateral surface of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial cuneiform1 Base of 1st MT1 [Medial cuneiform](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Base of 1st MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superficial Fibular n.1 L5 - S11 [Superficial Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Arch Transverse arch support [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor digitorum brevis	Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity1 Plantar aponeurosis1 [Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Plantar aponeurosis](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Sides of middle phalanx 2-51 [Sides of middle phalanx 2-5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial Plantar n.1 S1 - S21 [Medial Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Arch support [Longitudinal arch support](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor digitorum longus	Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia1 [Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges1 [Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [DIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor hallucis brevis	Cuboid1 Lateral cuneiforms1 Plantar calcaneocuboid lig.1 [Cuboid](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral cuneiforms](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Plantar calcaneocuboid lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial Sesamoid bone1 Lateral Sesamoid bone1 [Medial Sesamoid bone](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral Sesamoid bone](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Lateral Plantar n.1 Medial Plantar n.1 S1 - S21 [Lateral Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Medial Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	MTP Flexion1 Supports Longitudinal Arch1 [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Supports Longitudinal Arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor hallucis longus	Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula1 IO membrane1 [Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 1st Distal Phalanx1 [Base of 1st Distal Phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gastrocnemius	Superior-posterior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle1 Lateral surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle1 [Superior-posterior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon1 [Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus Maximus	Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part)1 Ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part)1 Thoracolumbar fascia1 sacrotuberous lig.1 [Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Thoracolumbar fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	IT Band1 Gluteal tuberosity1 [IT Band](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Gluteal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Inferior gluteal n.1 L5 - S21 [Inferior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Entire mm. [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Lower fibers [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Upper fibers [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus medius	Ilium1 [Ilium](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (lateral surface)1 [Greater trochanter (lateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.1 L4 - S11 [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus Minimus	Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)1 [Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)1 [Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.1 L4 - S11 [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Inferior Gemellus	Ischial tuberosity1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon1 [Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Quadratus femoris1,2 L5 - S11 [Nerve to Quadratus femoris](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020; @aungAnatomicalStudyObturator2001] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Obturator Internus	Obturator membrane and its bony boundaries1 [Obturator membrane and its bony boundaries](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of Greater Trochanter1 [Medial surface of Greater Trochanter](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Obturator internus1 L5 - S11 [Nerve to Obturator internus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Piriformis	Anterior Sacrum1 [Anterior Sacrum](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Apex of the Greater Trochanter1 [Apex of the Greater Trochanter](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Sacral Plexus Direct Br.1 S1 - S21 [Sacral Plexus Direct Br.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/piriformis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Plantaris	Lateral epicondyle of Femur1 [Lateral epicondyle of Femur](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity1 [Calcaneal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [negligble Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Proprioception [Organ of proprioception for the plantarflexors](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) @spinaPlantarisMuscleAnatomy2007 TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Popliteus	Lateral Femoral Condyle1 Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus1 [Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Posterior surface of Tibia1 [Posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L4 - S11 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Unlocks the knee via femoral ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Quadratus femoris	Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity1 [Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Intertrochanteric crest1 [Intertrochanteric crest](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Quadratus femoris1 L5 - S11 [Nerve to Quadratus femoris](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#nerve) - S1 [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Quadratus plantae	Calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders)1 [Calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tendons of FDL (lateral borders)1 [Tendons of FDL (lateral borders)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Lateral Plantar n.1 S1 - S31 [Lateral Plantar n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#nerve) - [S3](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Redirects and augments pull of the FDL1 [Redirects and augments pull of the FDL](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial tibial condyle1 Oblique popliteal lig.1 Popliteus fascia1 [Medial tibial condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Oblique popliteal lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Popliteus fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity1 Sacrotuberous lig.1 (common head with biceps femoris long head)1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(common head with biceps femoris long head)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Pes anserine1 [Pes anserine](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Soleus	Posterior Fibula1 Posterior Tibia1 [Posterior Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon1 [Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Lower leg [Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Superior gemellus	Ischial spine1 [Ischial spine](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon1 [Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Obturator internus1 L5 - S11 [Nerve to Obturator internus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tensor Fascia Latae	ASIS1 [ASIS](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	IT Band1 [IT Band](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.1 L4 - S11 [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tenses fascia latae1 Hip Abduction1 Flexion1 IR1 [Tenses fascia latae](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Hip [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]

Examination

DTR

• Achilles Reflex (S1, S2)

References

1.

Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Wikenheiser JC, Voll MM, Wesker K, Schünke M, eds. Atlas of Anatomy. 4th ed. Thieme; 2020.

2.

Aung HH, Sakamoto H, Akita K, Sato T. Anatomical study of the obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles with special reference to their innervation. The Anatomical Record. 2001;263(1):41-52. doi:10.1002/ar.1075